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Bartholomew JoJo "Bart" Simpson

Bartholomew JoJo “Bart” Simpson is a fictional character and one of the two main protagonists, alongside his father Homer, in the American animated television series The Simpsons and part of the Simpson family. He is voiced by Nancy Cartwright and first appeared on television in The Tracey Ullman Showshort “Good Night” on April 19, 1987. Cartoonist Matt Groening created and designed Bart while waiting in the lobby of James L. Brooks’ office. Groening had been called to pitch a series of shorts based on his comic strip, Life in Hell, but instead decided to create a new set of characters. While the rest of the characters were named after Groening’s family members, Bart’s name is an anagram of the word brat.

Design

The entire Simpson family was designed so that they would be recognizable in silhouette. The family was crudely drawn, because Groening had submitted basic sketches to the animators, assuming they would clean them up; instead, they just traced over his drawings. Bart’s original design, which appeared in the first shorts, had spikier hair, and the spikes were of different lengths. The number was later limited to nine spikes, all of the same size. At the time Groening was primarily drawing in black and “not thinking that Bart would eventually be drawn in color” gave him spikes which appear to be an extension of his head. The features of Bart’s character design are generally not used in other characters; for example, no other characters in current episodes have Bart’s spiky hairline, although several background characters in the first few seasons shared the trait.

Personality

Bart’s character traits of rebelliousness and disrespect for authority have been compared to that of America’s founding fathers, and he has been described as an updated version of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn, rolled into one. In his book Planet Simpson, Chris Turner describes Bart as a nihilist, a philosophical position that argues that existence is without objective meaning, purpose, or intrinsic value.

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